Gender and HIV

Purpose

This briefing paper looks at the importance of gender within Red Cross programmes and services and provides some suggestions about how Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies might integrate gender into HIV programmes and strategies.

Overview

  • Suggestions for incorporating gender into HIV programme planning include:
  • Design interventions based on the different needs of men and women in the community;
  • Examining assumptions about how men and women might benefit from programmes;
  • Consult key people in the community. If not properly consulted, these key community figures may boycott the service, believing it to interfere with cultural practices;
  • Talk with women and men separately and use women to talk with women, particularly if they are uncomfortable talking about sex and contraception;
  • Use existing information and studies about gender differences to inform programmes;
  • Budget for activities and staff in order to gather, analyse and track information about gender.

Usage: Guidance for project implementation

Audiences: Technical staff; Volunteers; Communications staff; National Society leadership

Reference: Australian Red Cross. Gender and HIV. Pp.1-8. Available from: http://www.redcross.org.au/gender-briefing-papers.aspx [Accessed: 19thSeptember 2015].

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Download: http://www.redcross.org.au/files/2011_Gender_and_HIV_fact_sheet.pdf

Integrating Gender and Diversity into Community Health – Guidance Note

Purpose

This note provides guidance on how to integrate gender and diversity considerations when applying the community-based health and first aid (CBHFA) approach, particularly in regard to health promotion and disease prevention, Mother, Newborn and Child Health (MNCH), non-communicable diseases (NCDs), violence prevention and urban health programmes.

It contains a number of case studies from Afghanistan, Honduras, Qatar and Ireland.

A checklist for designing gender and diversity-sensitive community health programmes can be found on p.17.

Overview

  • Most interventions related to MNCH and sexual and reproductive health focus primarily on improving women and adolescent girls’ knowledge of, and practices on, MNCH issues. However, in most societies, men often control household income and hold the decision-making powers in matters that affect MNCH. Interventions that aim to build communities’ resilience and achieve improvements in MNCH need to involve older people (men and women), religious leaders and more specifically men and boys given their familial and social roles within communities in order to improve MNCH outcomes.
  • The increase in and prevalence of NCDs represents a global health crisis. The inter-linkages between MNCH and the development of NCDs are becoming increasingly clear. NCDs are the leading cause of death among women worldwide, particularly during childbearing years. The four main NCD risk factors for women and men are: unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use and excessive use of alcohol.
  • Violence is among the most prominent public health problems faced today. Besides being a leading cause of mortality, many of the millions of non-fatal injuries result in life-long disabilities.

Usage: Guidance for project implementation

Audiences: Technical staff; Gender and diversity practitioners

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Download: https://www.ifrc.org/PageFiles/148352/1266300-CBHFA%20Guidance%20note-EN.pdf

Audiovisual: Older People and Disaster Risk Management

Purpose

Vietnam is one of the countries in the world most vulnerable to natural disasters. The country suffers from many disasters including floods, storms, tropical depressions, droughts and forest fires. This video looks at the challenges older people face in disasters.

Overview

  • In any disaster older people are among the most vulnerable. Many old people develop chronic illnesses such as heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and dementia. Many become disabled and dependent on help, and others become poorer and more isolated. These factors lessen the chance of survival for older people during disasters.
  • It is, however, not right to think of older people only as victims of disaster, they can also be resources. They are resourceful for their long experience, influence on decision-making and control of economic assets. Their knowledge of the pattern of disasters, traditional survival systems, appropriate technologies, and alternative medicines can be vital to the development of community coping strategies in and after crises.
  • The Red Cross tries to address the needs of older people in disasters in its Community Based Disaster Risk Management programme (CBDRM). It does this by involving them in all stages of the programme, from analysis to implementation. Involving them has led to positive changes in attitude, knowledge and practices of the community and leaders.

Usage: Guidance for project implementation, Training

Audiences: Technical staff; Volunteers

YouTube link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AhJgQ_wOOko

Note: The video is in Vietnamese subtitled in English

Reference: Netherland Red Cross Veitnam (20 December 2011). Older People and Disaster Risk Management. Duration 12.17 minutes [Online]. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AhJgQ_wOOko [Accessed: 22nd July 2016].

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Download: https://www.rcrc-resilience-southeastasia.org/the-older-people-and-disaster-risk-management/

Protecting Older People in Emergencies: Good Practice Guide

Purpose

This briefing draws on 14 field projects to highlight common challenges of supporting older people. Eleven of the case studies summarise the key challenges and most effective responses that the experts identified during their visits. The three remaining case studies – from Darfur, the Occupied Palestinian Territories and Zimbabwe – draw on HelpAge’s own work in the field.

All the case studies demonstrate practical approaches that will help agencies increase the age-friendliness of their programming and make sure older people play an active role in their responses.

The overall aim of this good practice guide is to communicate ‘what works’, within a range of contexts, in order to promote protection initiatives for older people in emergencies that are truly inclusive.

Overview

  • This guide focuses on working practice in the following areas of humanitarian response: accessible shelter and latrines; livelihood support; access to food and accurate registration; strengthening family and community structures; better use of disaggregated data; appropriate healthcare; and mainstreaming age across clusters.
  • The examples of good practices shown in the guide have two key common elements: consultation with older people themselves and an appreciation that older people can play a vital role in developing and implementing their own solutions to the challenges they face.

Usage: Guidance for project implementation

Audiences: Technical staff

Reference: HelpAge International (2012). Protecting older people in emergencies: good practice guide. Pp. 3-8. Available from: http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/tools_and_guidance/age_gender_diversity/HelpAge_Older_People_Best_Practices_EN.pdf [Accessed: 21st September 2016]

 

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Download: http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/_assets/files/tools_and_guidance/age_gender_diversity/HelpAge_Older_People_Best_Practices_EN.pdf

Voices of Ethnic Minority Children – Participatory Video on Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change in Vietnam

Purpose

This publication introduces the Participatory Video (PV) methodology as a tool to amplify the voices of traditionally excluded groups who are greatly affected by disasters. The publication outlines the steps involved in carrying out the PV process held in Vietnam in late 2010. It also highlights the lessons learnt from the project and provides recommendations.

Overview

The PV was held with the participation of 12 children (six boys and six girls) from two communes – Thuan and A Ngo. The resulting films were to be used in those communes and in 10 additional Quang Tri communes that are part of the DIPECHO-funded project for community and government awareness and advocacy.

The PV methodology supports an empowering process whereby community members become drivers of change and are empowered to act on local knowledge by creating information videos that can help them prioritise and express their needs. The participatory video methodology involves awareness-raising, capacity-building and people-centred decision-making processes which can be built from the local level, to district, national and international levels.

Usage: Training, Learning from experience

Audience: Technical staff; Volunteers

Reference: Tamara Plush & Nguyen Trong Ninh. Voices of ethnic minority children: Participatory video on disaster risk reduction and climate change in Vietnam. Plan International in Vietnam, European Commission Humanitarian Aid. Pp. 1-10. Available from: http://www.preventionweb.net/files/26509_26509planparticipatoryvideoindrrpro.pdf [Accessed: 19th September 2015].

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Download: http://www.preventionweb.net/files/26509_26509planparticipatoryvideoindrrpro.pdf

Gender Strengthening Programme for Eastern and Southern Africa Division: Toolkit for Practitioners

Gender Strengthening Program IFAD Toolkit for Practitioners

Purpose

The overall purpose of this toolkit is to explain to practitioners: what participatory tools are available for rapid market-problem diagnosis, socio-economic and gender targeting and, for each tool, how to use it, how to analyse the information and how to use the findings in designing, implementing and evaluating projects.

This toolkit should be used in conjunction with the sourcebook.

Overview

The toolkit is divided into three parts:

  • Diagnostic study tool: It is divided into two parts: the first section provides hands-on practitioners with an overview of the factors to consider in planning and implementing participatory gender and market linkage diagnostic studies and the second section presents Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools designed for rapid diagnosis of: (a) village-level marketing issues; (b) poverty-targeting issues and (c) gender issues
  • Stakeholder workshop tool: it has two main sections: stakeholder analysis tools; and tools for problem identification and participatory planning. The latter section also spells out procedures for selecting focal area representatives in a democratic and equitable way.
  • Gender and poverty-sensitive monitoring and evaluation (M&E) tool: focuses primarily on tools for participatory impact assessment. It has two parts: The first section presents factors to consider in planning and implementing rapid impact assessments; and the second section presents the impact assessment tools and discusses how to use them.
  • Gender-sensitive PRA templates can be found in the ‘Attachments’ towards the end of the report.

Usage: Guidance for project implementation

Audiences: Technical staff

Reference: IFAD, Gender Strengthening Programme for Eastern and Southern Africa Division. (November 2002). Gender strengthening programme for eastern and southern Africa division: Toolkit for practitioners. Pp. 1-182. Available from: http://www.ifad.org/gender/tools/gender/Toolkit.pdf [Accessed: 20th September 2015].

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Download: http://www.ifad.org/gender/tools/gender/Toolkit.pdf

Women, Gender and Disaster Risk Communication

Purpose

This note looks at the importance of gender in disaster risk communication. It provides a brief overview of Save the Children’s gender-targeted communication strategy in two Cuban communities.

Overview

  • Disaster risk communication and warnings miss the mark if overly-general and not informed by gender-aware risk assessments and community-driven preparedness. Disaster communication must be creative, sensitive to culture and context, and also gender-targeted, based on knowledge of how particular groups of women and men create, receive, interpret and exchange knowledge about hazards and disasters. Women must speak for themselves and be heard.
  • Women’s and men’s daily lives revolve around social networks, roles and relationships that make a difference to disaster risk communicators.
  • Men’s higher tolerance of risk calls for male-focused communication and awareness strategies. Gender norms shaping risk perception and risk tolerance may be a barrier to potentially life-saving information for boys, male youth and adult men about hazards to which they are especially exposed.
  • Gender-based and cultural barriers limit women’s access to vital information. The “digital divide” in access to, and control over, computers and the internet is still a barrier to reaching women in many parts of the world.

 

Usage: Guidance for project implementation

Audiences: Communication staff

Reference: Gender and Disaster Network. (October 2009). Women, gender and disaster risk communication. Gender Note #5. Pp. 1-4. Available from: https://www.gdnonline.org/resources/GDN_GenderNote5_RiskCommunication.pdf. [Accessed: 19th September 2015].

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Download: https://www.rcrc-resilience-southeastasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/GDN_GenderNote5_RiskCommunication.pdf

Gender and Diversity in Emergencies – Quick and Easy Steps for Accountability to Affected People

Purpose

This poster looks at the steps for accountability to affected people in assessments and monitoring; shelter and gender-based violence.

Overview

  • In assessments and monitoring, the steps involve: guaranteeing gender balance in the assessment team; speaking directly with affected women, men, boys and girls (separately if needed) about their needs, and priorities; collecting and recording data broken down by age and sex; analysing data and monitoring implementation; and asking questions – who, what, how and which.
  • In shelter, the steps involve: consulting women, men, boys and girls (including people with disabilities, and the elderly) in shelter design; appointing a gender-balanced evacuation centre or shelter committee; using the assessment approach mentioned above for shelter programming; ensuring that survivors/victims of sexual violence have shelter needs met based on their needs; considering vulnerability in distributions; implementing a mechanism for making confidential complaints; and liaising with protection actors on whether discriminatory land-ownership policies exist.
  • In gender-based violence, the steps involve: recruiting staff and volunteers in a manner that will discourage sexual exploitation and abuse; ensuring that all staff and volunteers are briefed on the code of conduct; linking with protection teams to establish how you will refer survivors/victims of gender based violence to relevant support services; implementing mechanisms for making confidential complaints; ensuring that survivors of gender-based violence have safe access to shelter; ensuring that health services and community based psychological and social support are provided for survivors of sexual violence; and disseminating information about available services for survivors of violence or women/children presently experiencing domestic violence.

Usage: Guidance for project implementation

Themes: Risk assessment, Community-based or community participation, Gender-based violence, Mental health and psychosocial needs, Shelter, Human resources, Accountability to beneficiaries, Gender, Age (elderly), Age (children/youth)

Audiences: Technical staff; Gender and diversity practitioners

Reference: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies & The Vanuatu Red Cross Society. Gender and diversity in emergencies: Quick and easy steps for accountability to affected people.p.1.

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Download: https://www.rcrc-resilience-southeastasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Gender_Diversity-Poster-HR-2.pdf

Equity and Inclusion in Disaster Risk Reduction: Building Resilience for All

Purpose

This paper attempts to address some of the shortcomings of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) and to move the debate beyond the simplistic focus of including vulnerable groups within disaster risk reduction (DRR) policy-making. By promoting socio-economic and cultural inclusion as well as the political recognition of marginalised people, this paper provides examples of where their participation as active agents of change has proven beneficial in effectively and equitably building resilience.

The paper also makes the case for increased attention to the wider issues of vulnerability, inclusion and empowerment. In this respect it focuses on four main aspects: marginalised groups are more likely to suffer from disasters; disasters exacerbate vulnerabilities and social inequalities; vulnerable groups tend to be excluded from DRR decision-making, thus making them even more vulnerable to the impacts of disasters; and vulnerable groups should be included in DRR as active agents of change to effectively and equitably build resilience.

Overview

Poor living conditions, inadequate infrastructure, a lack of income diversification and limited access to basic services, especially education and information, ensure that the poorest and most marginalised people are disproportionately affected by disasters. Committing to address the root causes of disasters will help to address peoples’ underlying vulnerabilities, increase their capacities to cope with the effects of natural hazards and facilitate empowerment processes. This can be achieved by the equal participation of all segments of society in DRR decisions.

Usage: Policy development

Audiences: National Society leadership; Technical staff

Reference: United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (April 2004). Making Risky Environments Safer. Women 2000 and beyond. Published by the Division for the Advancement of Women/DESA. Pp.1-28. Available from: http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/public/w2000-natdisasters-e.pdf [Accessed: 19th September 2015].

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Download: http://cdkn.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/CDKN-Equity-and-inclusion-in-disaster-risk-reduction-building-resilience-for-all1.pdf

CBDRR Framework Participants Handbook

cbdrr-framework-participant-handbook

Purpose:

This ‘Participant Handbook’ is to help the course participants to follow the CBDRR Training Course. The handbook contains all the information that is needed by the participant to attend the training, conducted by the Myanmar Red Cross Society with the support of the various Partner National Societies. The course was designed at the end of 2013 as part of the project ‘Development of a Common CBDRR Framework for Myanmar Red Cross Society’. The CBDRR Training Course is based on the CBDRR Step-by-Step Methodology and its main goal is to teach MRCS Field Staff and MRCS RCVs to use the CBDRR Manual document which acts as a support document for the implementation of CBDRR programs in Myanmar.

Overview:

-In Part A, the course curriculum is presented and the participants can find a detailed schedule of their training. Furthermore, any additional information that is required by the participants such as accommodation during the training, the exact location of the training etc. will be included in Part A.

-In Part B, each of the sessions will be discussed separately. Key questions that participants should be able to answer after each session are posed and the participants are invited to note down their answer to each of the questions during or after each session to increase the learning effect.

-In Part C, the supporting training documents will be presented.

Usage: Training document

Audience: Training participants, National Society’s staff and volunteers

The document is also available in Burmese/Myanmar language.

Myanmar Red Cross Society Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction series consists also of:

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Download: https://www.rcrc-resilience-southeastasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Participant-Handbook_ENG-WEB.pdf